Thursday, 26 October 2017

Improvement in fund flow mechanism of rural development schemes

Improvement in Fund Flow of Rural Development Schemes 

Statement of Problem:
All major schemes in ministry of rural development are centrally sponsored schemes. These schemes are implemented by state government departments or their implementing agencies. As per government of India directions, funds for the centrally sponsored schemes are transferred through state treasury. Generally state treasury transfers fund to the implementing agencies in their account which is outside the state consolidated fund. From this account, fund is transferred to beneficiary or intermediary agency account. This agency may also have separate account. All these agencies and their banks retain the funds and maintain the float at the cost of Government of India. In this pre-funded model, every intermediary is benefitted and rewarded for being inefficient. Banks tend to park money. Failed transactions also offer them float. Late payment or failed payment is a gainful proposition. There is no incentive for timely payments or innovation to make payment fast and better.
Solution:
Thus, to eliminate these intermediate stages and avoid useless blockage of funds, reimbursement model may be tried. Rather than following pre-funded model, this model will improve efficiency is fund management and disbursement. Payments from GoI to states are done under reimbursement model. Pre-funding is there once fund has moved out of state treasury. Under this reimbursement model, fund transfer orders would move from Government of India accredited bank to state nodal account and from there to destination bank. Actual funds would not move. Once these fund transfer orders are effected, concerned banks would be paid through settlement route. Since banks would be out of fund, some transaction fee may be considered in the manner it is paid to accredited banks by Government of India. 
As per this model, banks would release payment to beneficiaries as per the FTO or payment orders and then for the same FTO, on reverse confirmation, payment will be transferred by the accredited bank. 

Benefits:
This would help us in ensuring that 

1.      Beneficiaries are paid by the bank and then they raise their claim. Thus beneficiary is at the center stage. 
2.      Once FTO reaches the destination bank, bank makes payment and goes out of fund. Thus it becomes their responsibility to claim funds back from the govt. Banks would, therefore develop their systems in such a manner that they get back their reimbursement at the earliest. This will eliminate the problem of late reporting by the banks or delayed payments.
3.      Tracking of failed transactions would become easier. There will be cases of failed response but no failed transaction. Thus government will not be out of funds for the cases where money did not reach to the beneficiary. 
4.      If files are sent to the banks for release of payments, they will validate it quickly and release payment. They will not get any incentive for not taking action on the files of fund transfer orders.

Way Forward:
  1. SLA for performance standards may also be devised for better performance. 
  2. The cases where bank is not able to seek reimbursement in 3-5 days, they shall be mandated to report. If they fail to report this as failed transaction then these shall be treated as rejected and any payment made by bank in such cases shall be cost to the bank and not reimbursed.
  3. Banking arrangements need to be documented and guidelines prepared for transfer from Govt to accredited bank, from accredited bank to nodal bank and from nodal bank to destination bank. 
  4. Banking shall be left to banks. We should focus on frameworks and intended service levels as well as benefits expected from the banks. 
  5. Every bank account of MGNREGA worker shall get a commission on transaction as the case at present. But once the Mgnrega worker gets skilled or self-employed, any inflow from Govt to such account shall get higher incentive to service the skilled worker or entrepreneur. Banks would therefore be encouraged to lend to such accounts.

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